Molecular

What Does the Non-Protein-Coding 98.5% of the Human Genome Do? Protein-coding regions of the human genome account for only about 1.5% of the total. The remaining 98.5% includes various elements...

Ischemic Cell Injury and Hydropic Change: Role of Na+/Ca2+ Influx and K+ Efflux Ischemic cell injury causes hydropic change through a complex interplay of ion fluxes where ATP depletion impairs...

Understanding Yeast Homologous Recombination Based Cloning Methods Yeast homologous recombination (HR) based cloning is a technique that exploits the natural ability of yeast cells to repair DNA by recombining fragments...

How Do We Know What Start and Stop Codons Are? A First Principles Approach We identify start and stop codons through a series of groundbreaking experiments in the 1950s and...

Western Blot Protocol: Is Blocking Overnight Advisable? Blocking overnight during Western blotting is acceptable but not mandatory; it depends on protein abundance, antibody specificity, and workflow preferences. Typical blocking duration...

How Does ATP Release Energy? ATP releases energy not merely by breaking a phosphate bond, but through the formation of more stable products and the coupling of its hydrolysis to...