ChemCafe — science, chemistry and physics made simple

Phosphorus and the Octet Rule Phosphorus generally obeys the octet rule, maintaining up to eight electrons in its valence shell. This contradicts common popular notions that phosphorus frequently expands its...

Is Spraying Vinegar Then Hydrogen Peroxide (or Vice Versa) on Surfaces Hazardous? Spraying vinegar first followed by hydrogen peroxide, or the reverse, is generally not hazardous under typical household conditions....

What Do Formulation Chemists Do? Formulation chemists develop and optimize mixtures of chemicals to create effective products across various industries. They decide the exact combination and amount of ingredients, tailoring...

What Are All the Different Classifications of Liquids? Liquids can be classified in several ways based on their chemical properties, physical characteristics, and functional use. These classifications include acid/base/neutral, aqueous/non-aqueous,...

Why You Should Not Use a Scoopula When Weighing Solid Substances in Analytical Chemistry In analytical chemistry, using a scoopula directly in a reagent bottle is prohibited because it leads...

Are Denatured Alcohol and Ethanol the Same Thing? Denatured alcohol and ethanol are not the same, though denatured alcohol consists mostly of ethanol mixed with toxic additives. These additives make...

Use of Calcium Carbonate on Plants Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) primarily serves as a soil pH modifier, raising acidity in soils with low pH. It also acts as a calcium nutrient...

Proofreading and Feedback on Your Pickup Line Your pickup line has received overwhelmingly positive feedback from a diverse group. Many find it witty, charming, and fitting, especially for someone with...