ChemCafe — science, chemistry and physics made simple – Page 106 of 276 – Chem Cafe is a place to share and discuss new scientific research. Read about the latest advances in chemistry, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, social science, and more. Find and submit new publications and popular science coverage of current research.

Posted inin Inorganic Chemistry

Primary Halides and E2 Reactions: Mechanisms, Conditions, and Product Distribution

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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5 min

Primary Halides and E2 Reactions Primary halides generally favor Sn2 reactions over E2, but E2 elimination can still occur under specific conditions involving strong or bulky bases. The substrate’s steric...

Posted inin Molecular

Understanding Reporter Genes: Key Roles, Challenges, and Their Importance in Molecular Biology

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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5 min

Understanding Reporter Genes in Molecular Biology Reporter genes are genetic markers used to track gene expression and protein localization. They often encode easily detectable proteins, such as fluorescent proteins, enabling...

Posted inin Chemistry

HSO4−: Understanding Its Role in Acid-Base Chemistry and Equilibrium

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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5 min

Understanding HSO4−: Properties and Behavior HSO4−, or the bisulfate ion, is a key intermediate species in sulfuric acid chemistry, exhibiting complex acid-base behavior and distinct equilibria in aqueous environments. This...

Posted inin Chemistry

2-Methyl-2-Butanol: 20 Times More Intoxicating Than Ethanol Without Hangover Effects

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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2 min

Intoxicating Effects of 2-Methyl-2-Butanol Compared to Ethanol 2-Methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) is not established as being 20 times more intoxicating than ethanol (C2H5OH), nor is there verified evidence that it does not...

Posted inin Molecular

Understanding Plasmid Behavior and Techniques for Running in Agarose Gel

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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4 min

Running Plasmid in Agarose Gel Running plasmid DNA in an agarose gel produces distinctive band patterns, often showing multiple bands representing different plasmid conformations, such as supercoiled, relaxed, or nicked...

Posted inin Chemistry

Sodium Benzoate and Benzoic Acid: Key Differences, Uses, and Health Effects

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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3 min

Sodium Benzoate Vs Benzoic Acid Sodium benzoate and benzoic acid differ mainly in their chemical forms, pH effects, and functional roles, but both serve as preservatives and share regulatory limits....

Posted inin Inorganic Chemistry

7 Essential Apps for Mastering Organic Chemistry Concepts and Study Techniques

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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7 min

7 EXTREMELY Helpful O-Chem Apps for Students Organic chemistry apps provide vital support for mastering complex concepts. These seven apps enhance learning, assist problem-solving, strengthen memorization, and improve understanding of...

Posted inin Chemistry

Separation of Lanthanide and Actinide Series in the Periodic Table Explained

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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5 min

Why Are the Lanthanide and Actinide Series Separated in the Periodic Table? The lanthanide and actinide series are separated from the main body of the periodic table mainly to reduce...

Posted inin Molecular

Do Restriction Enzymes Cut All Sites at Once or Selectively? Understanding the Digestion Process

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
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2 min

Do Restriction Enzymes Cut All Sites at Once? Restriction enzymes cut all target sites on DNA molecules approximately simultaneously and continuously, maintaining a similar digestion rate at each site until...

Posted inin Inorganic Chemistry

How Much to Charge for Tutoring and Group Sessions: Rates and Key Considerations

Posted byby Franklin Veaux
1 month ago
0 Comments
2 min

How Much Should I Charge for Tutoring and Group Tutoring? The typical recommended minimum hourly rate for tutoring is $25 per hour, especially if the tutor is confident and efficient...